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Archaeology & PreHistory

Picture

Vocabulary 

agriculture: the science, art, or practice of cultivating the soil, producing crops, and raising livestock and in varying degrees the preparation and marketing of the resulting products

ancient: relating to a remote period, to a time early in history, or to those living in such a period or time

animism: The belief in the existence of individual spirits that inhabit natural objects and phenomena

anthropologist: The scientific study of the origin, the behavior, and the physical, social, and cultural development of humans.

arable: Land fit to be cultivated

archaeologist: The systematic study of past human life and culture by the recovery and examination of remaining material evidence, such as graves, buildings, tools, and pottery

architecture: The art and science of designing and erecting buildings

artifact: An object produced or shaped by human craft, especially a tool, weapon, or ornament of archaeological or historical interest

assimilate: To absorb (immigrants or a culturally distinct group) into the prevailing culture

bronze age: a technological stage between the Stone and Iron Ages, beginning in the Middle East about 4500bc and lasting in Britain from about 2000 to 500 bc, during which weapons and tools were made of bronze and there was intensive trading

carbon dating: The determination of the approximate age of an ancient object, such as an archaeological specimen, by measuring the amount of carbon 14 it contains. Also called 
carbon dating, carbon-14 dating

citizen: A person owing loyalty to and entitled by birth or naturalization to the protection of a state or nation

city-state: A sovereign state consisting of an independent city and its surrounding territory

civilized: Having a highly developed society and culture

culture: The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought

diversity: The fact or quality of being diverse; difference

domestication: To train or adapt (an animal or plant) to live in a human environment and be of use to humans

egalitarian: Affirming, promoting, or characterized by belief in equal political, economic, social, and civil rights for all people

ethnic group:  people of the same race or nationality who share a distinctive culture

excavate: To expose or uncover by or as if by digging

fossil: A remnant or trace of an organism of a past geologic age, such as a skeleton or leaf imprint, embedded and preserved in the earth's crust

glyph: A symbolic figure that is usually engraved or incised

government: Exercise of authority in a political unit; rule

homo sapiens: The modern species of humans, the only extant species of the primate family Hominidae

hunter-gatherer: The modern species of humans, the only extant species of the primate family Hominidae

ice age: A cold period marked by episodes of extensive glaciation alternating with episodes of relative warmth

iron age: The period in cultural development succeeding the Bronze Age in Asia, Europe, and Africa, characterized by the introduction of iron metallurgy. In Europe it began around the eighth century b.c.e.

irrigation: To supply (dry land) with water by means of ditches, pipes, or streams; water artificially
job specialization: To focus on one job at a time; such as farming, hunting, pot making, etc

language: Communication of thoughts and feelings through a system of arbitrary signals, such as voice sounds, gestures, or written symbols

life expectancy: The number of years that an individual is expected to live as determined by statistics

linguistic: Of or relating to language or linguistics

matriarch: A woman who rules a family, clan, or tribe

migration: To move from one country or region and settle in another

natural resources: naturally occurring materials such as coal, fertile land, etc., that can be used by man

nomadic: 
A member of a group of people who have no fixed home and move according to the seasons from place to place in search of food, water, and grazing land

oral language: communication by word of mouth

patriarch: A man who rules a family, clan, or tribe

petroglyph: a carving or inscription on a rock

pictograph: an ancient or prehistoric drawing or painting on a rock wall

polytheism: belief in or worship of more than one god

religion: an organized system of beliefs, ceremonies, and rules used to worship a god or a group of gods

river valley civilizations: any civilization that is found along a river.

settlement: a place or region newly 

shrine: a place connected with a holy person or event where people go to worship

social classes: people having the same social, economic, or educational status

specialize: designed, trained, or fitted for one particular purpose or occupation

stone age: the first known period of prehistoric human culture characterized by the use of stone tools

Stonehenge: Monumental circular arrangement of standing stones built in prehistoric times and located near Salisbury, Wiltshire, Eng

subsistence: the amount of food, money, etc., that is needed to stay alive 

surplus: an amount (such as an amount of money or food) that is more than the amount that is needed

technology: a machine, piece of equipment, method, etc., that is created by technology

timeline: a table listing important events for successive years within a particular historical period

urbanization: the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more and more people begin living and working in central areas



Important Links

World History Stone Age
Stone Age Explorers
Stone Age Animals
Stone Age Artifacts
Tools of the Stone Age
Neanderthalensis
Be an Archaeologist 
Becoming Human 
Mystery of the First Americans 
National Geographic: In Search of Human Origins 
Cave Paintings
A CAVE IN AMERICA
BBC ARTICLE


NOVA Iceman Murder Mystery




Videos

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